Oct 26, 2022 · The availability in large amounts in the EU and elsewhere as a byproduct from food production and its nutritional value qualifies processed animal proteins (PAPs) as a sustainable feed ingredient for fish ( Tacon et al., 2011; Lu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015; Campos et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018; Karapanagiotidis et al., 2019 ).